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Plagiarism Quiz
Original passage:
Thus, from the war of nature, from famine and death, the most exalted object which we
are capable of conceiving, namely, the production of the higher animals, directly follows.
There is grandeur in this view of life, with its several powers, having been originally
breathed into a few forms or into one; and that, whilst this planet has gone cycling on
according to the fixed law of gravity, from so simple a beginning endless forms most
beautiful and most wonderful have been, and are being, evolved.1
Please name the error and correct appropriately, using the footnote supplied:
1. Name of error:
Darwin points out that the struggle for existence nevertheless exhibits a certain
sublimity, in that from so simple a beginning endless forms most beautiful and most
wonderful have been, and are being, evolved.1
2. Name of error:
Darwin thinks that his theory that life arises from the most elemental forms to the
complexity of the animal world is nothing less than awe-inspiring. This is so even though
the survival of the fittest inevitably involves the massive destruction of weaker life-forms.
He thinks that the struggle for existence and natural selection nevertheless yield the
most sublime result.
3. Name of error:
According to Darwin, evolution is primarily a war of nature in which many species are
destroyed from famine and death. But all the destruction is for the better because the
most exalted object which we are capable of conceiving, the higher animals, is the
result. There is definitely grandeur in this view of life. It must evoke our wonderment
how from so simple a beginning so many endless forms have been evolved.
4. Name of error:
Darwin developed the theory of evolution, which optimistically holds that from the war of
nature, from famine and death, the most exalted object which we are capable of
conceiving, namely, the production of the higher animals, directly follows. There is
grandeur in this view of life.
5. Name of error:
Natural selection operates by weaker life-forms being out-competed by stronger. In this
war of nature natural selection ensures that those species better adapted to their
environment will survive and pass their genetic inheritance on to their offspring and
thence to future generations.
1
Charles Darwin. On the Origin of Species, in Darwin: The Indelible Stamp, ed. James
D. Watson (Philadelphia: Running Press, 2005), p. 601.
Grammar Quiz
Note: Some of the following sentences may have more than one correct answer.
1. Please highlighteach correctly punctuated sentence:
a. You need to open the one which has the brown wrapping.
b. You need to open the one, which has the brown wrapping.
c. You need to open the one; which has the brown wrapping.
d. You need to open the one: which has the brown wrapping.
2. Please highlight each correct expression:
a. You like chocolate, whereas/where as/where-as I like vanilla.
b. We told stories around the campfire/camp fire/camp-fire.
c. He was a socalled/so called/so-called scholar.
3. Please highlight each correctly punctuated sentence:
a. Socrates a great philosopher was executed.
b. Socrates, a great philosopher was executed.
c. Socrates a great philosopher, was executed.
d. Socrates, a great philosopher, was executed.
4. Please highlight each correct pronoun:
a. George asked Tom to pay for Martha and he/him.
b. George and she/her will pay Tom back.
c. When you are finished, tell Tom and I/me.
5. Please highlight each correct verb:
a. The nail and the screw is/are rusty.
b. The list of items is/are exhaustive.
6. Please highlight each correctly punctuated sentence:
a. Mesopotamia is in western Asia, Egypt is in northern Africa.
b. Mesopotamia is in western Asia; Egypt is in northern Africa.
c. Mesopotamia is in western Asia: Egypt is in northern Africa.
d. Mesopotamia is in western Asia. Egypt is in northern Africa.
7. Please highlight each correct pronoun:
a. A person should always be careful with his/her/its/their/one’s money.
8. Please highlight the correct pronoun:
a. You should give the money to whoever/whomever needs it most.
9. Please highlight each correct plural or possessive form:
a. Ancient Greece produced many philosophers/philosopher’s/philosophers’.
b. Plato was saddened by Socrate’s/Socrates’s/Socrates’ death.
c. The two philosophers/philosopher’s/philosophers’ works were interesting.
d. The peoples/people’s/peoples’ opinion about Socrates was wrong.
10. Please highlight each correct word:
a. George and Martha should be careful with there/their money.
b. Its/It’s a jungle out there.
c. Yes, I know it’s theirs/there’s.
11. Please highlight the most clearly punctuated sentence:
a. The vowels are a, e, i, o, and u and j, w, and y are sometimes vowels also.
b. The vowels are a, e, i, o, and u, and j, w, and y are sometimes vowels also.
c. The vowels are a, e, i, o, and u; and j, w, and y are sometimes vowels also.
12. In the paragraph below, highlight the sentence fragment:
In life we face many trials. Such as taxes, pollution, and a variety of other things
too many to enumerate. Just deal with them. Then and only then will you be
truly happy.
13. Please highlight each correctly punctuated sentence:
a. The following men were great scientists Kepler, Galileo, and Newton.
b. The following men were great scientists, Kepler, Galileo, and Newton.
c. The following men were great scientists; Kepler, Galileo, and Newton.
d. The following men were great scientists: Kepler, Galileo, and Newton.
e. The following men were great scientists. Kepler, Galileo, and Newton.
14. Please highlight each correctly punctuated sentence:
a. One must be prepared for the fact that the reading is difficult.
b. One must be prepared for the fact, that the reading is difficult.
c. One must be prepared for the fact; that the reading is difficult.
d. One must be prepared for the fact: that the reading is difficult.
15. Please highlight each correctly punctuated sentence:
a. Plato wrote dialogues, and Aristotle recorded lecture notes.
b. Plato wrote dialogues and, Aristotle recorded lecture notes.
16. Please highlight the correct word forms:
a. Basic physical quantities include Mass/mass, Space/space, and Time/time.
THE ORIGINAL PASSAGE
This book has been written against a background of both reckless optimism and reckless
despair. It holds that Progress and Doom are two sides of the same medal; that both are
articles of superstition, not of faith. It was written out of the conviction that it should be
possible to discover the hidden mechanics by which all traditional elements of our
political and spiritual world were dissolved into a conglomeration where everything
seems to have lost specific value, and has become unrecognizable for human
comprehension, unusable for human purpose. Hannah Arendt, The Origins of
Totalitarianism (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc., 1973 ed.), p.vii, Preface to
the First Edition.
EXAMPLE I
word-for-word plagiarism
This book has been written against a background of both reckless optimism and reckless
despair. It holds that Progress and Doom are two sides of the same medal; that both are
articles of superstition, not of faith. Interestingly enough, Arendt avoids much of the
debates found in some of the less philosophical literature about totalitarianism.
When material is taken directly from a book, article, speech, statement, remarks,
the Internet, or some other source, the writer must provide proper attribution. In
this example, no credit is given to the author.
EXAMPLE II
the footnote without quotation marks
This book has been written against a background of both reckless optimism and reckless
despair. It holds that Progress and Doom are two sides of the same medal; that both are
articles of superstition, not of faith.1 Interestingly enough, Arendt avoids much of the
debates found in some of the less philosophical literature about totalitarianism.
1
Hannah Arendt, The Origins of Totalitarianism (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich,
Inc., 1973 ed.), p.vii, Preface to the First Edition.
When material is quoted word-for-word, a footnote alone is insufficient. The
material that represents a direct quotation must either be put within quotation
marks or indented. For example:
A. As Hannah Arendt explains, her book was “written against a backdrop of both reckless
optimism and reckless despair.”1 The book “holds that Progress and Doom are two sides
of the same medal . . . .”2
B. As Dr. Arendt has explained:
This book has been written against a background of both reckless optimism and reckless
despair. It holds that Progress and Doom are two sides of the same medal; that both are
articles of superstition, not of faith.1
Interestingly enough, Arendt avoids much of the debate found in some of the less
philosophical literature about totalitarianism.
EXAMPLE III
the paraphrase
Hannah Arendt’s book, The Origins of Totalitarianism, was written in the light of both
excessive hope and excessive pessimism. Her thesis is that both Advancement and Ruin
are merely different sides of the same coin. Her book was produced out of a belief that
one can understand the method in which the more conventional aspects of politics and
philosophy were mixed together so that they lose their distinctiveness and become
worthless for human uses.
Even if the author’s exact language is not used, a footnote is required for material
that is paraphrased.
EXAMPLE IV
the mosaic
The first edition of The Origins of Totalitarianism was written in 1950. Soon after the
Second World War, this was a time of both reckless optimism and reckless despair.
During this time, Dr. Arendt argues, the traditional elements of the political and spiritual
world were dissolved into a conglomeration where everything seems to have lost specific
value. In particular, the separation between the State and Society seems to have been
destroyed. In this book, she seeks to disclose the hidden mechanics by which this
transformation occurred.
Even though this example includes some original material, selected phrases of the
original are woven throughout the passage—a. reckless optimism and reckless
despair, b. traditional elements of the {our in original} political and spiritual world
were dissolved into a conglomeration where everything seems to have lost specific
value, and c. hidden mechanics.
EXAMPLE V
the “apt phrase”
Following the Second World War, scholars from a variety of disciplines began to explore
the nature of “totalitarianism.” One of the most pressing issues for these writers was
understanding the “essence” of totalitarianism. How, for example, is a totalitarian regime
different from an authoritarian regime? Although authors disagree on the precise answer
to this question, a common thread running throughout most of the classic works on
totalitarianism deals with the relationship between State and Society. In a totalitarian
state, the traditional boundaries between State and society are dissolved into a
conglomeration so that the two become indistinguishable.
This passage is almost entirely original, but the phrase “dissolved into a
conglomeration” is taken directly from Arendt. Even though this is a short phrase,
it must be footnoted. Only phrases that have truly become part of general usage can
be used without citation.
…
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