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ANTH 3710: HEALTH & HEALING: BIOCULTURAL PERSPECTIVES
Department of Anthropology, William Paterson University
Section 01: Tuesday & Thursday 11:00am-12:15pm in Science East, Room 5041
Section 02: Tuesday & Thursday 2:00-3:15pm in Science East, Room 4018
Semester: Fall 2017
Course Credits: 3
Prerequisites: None
Professor: Dr. Jack Tocco, PhD, MPH
E-mail: toccoj@wpunj.edu
Office: Science East, Room 5009
Office Hours: Tue & Thurs 12:50-1:50pm,
and by appointment.
Course Description
Medical anthropology examines the social and cultural dimensions of health, illness, medicine,
and the body. It considers how human suffering and wellbeing are shaped by the complex
interplay of biological, social, environmental, economic, and political processes. This course
introduces students to concepts of health and healing in the field of medical anthropology. We
will explore how the experiences of health and the body vary cross-culturally using
contemporary bio-cultural approaches and community-health perspectives. Topics covered
include perceptions of illness and the etiology of disease, conceptions of mental health and
stigma, the cultural context of infectious diseases, and the implications of biomedical
interventions and technology. The course will spotlight how anthropological knowledge can
bridge gaps between medical discourse and notions of health and healing in communities
worldwide.
Course Objectives
This course in Medical Anthropology seeks to provide you with:
1) An understanding of the interaction between nature and culture, mind and body,
personhood and society, in illness, treatment and healing
2) An awareness of the cognitive and behavioral components of ethno-medical systems
around the world, and of their ethical implications from the perspective of practitioners,
patients, and pharmaceutical companies.
3) A thorough understanding of how gender, race, politics, and class are involved in the
individual’s experience of affliction and approach to treatment
4) An appreciation of how global and local inequalities affect illness and shape the nature
of health care.
5) Familiarity with the anthropological perspective to analyze contemporary health
issues/systems, and research methods to investigate illnesses and healing practices in
particular communities.
Required Texts
The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down by Anne Fadiman. 2012 edition. (First published
1997). Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
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Fresh Fruit, Broken Bodies: Migrant Farmworkers in the United States by Seth Holmes. 2013.
University of California Press.
Coursework & Evaluation
This is a UCC Writing Intensive course.
Book Essays (First essay: 25%; Second essay: 30%) The two major assignments are essays
of a minimum of 8 double-spaced pages each based on the two books we will read, The Spirit
Catches You and You Fall Down and Fresh Fruit, Broken Bodies. You may choose from among
several essay prompts provided by the instructor. The essay prompt selections will be available
at least two weeks before each essay assignment is due. I will be happy to discuss ideas oneon-one with you and/or provide you with feedback on a draft of either or both of your essays if
you give me the draft at least three days prior to the assignment due date.
Short Essay Responses (2 x 10%) Short essay responses of approximately 500 words each
will be due three times in the semester. I will post the prompts for the essays to Blackboard
and/or distribute them in class one week prior to their respective due dates.
SUBMITTING YOUR BOOK ESSAYS AND SHORT ESSAYS: Please upload your essays to
Blackboard before the start of on their respective due dates. Essays uploaded after that will be
marked down one point for each subsequent day late. Please write the word count at the end of
your essays.
CITATION AND INTEGRITY: Any course readings, viewings, or outside materials that you draw
from in your essays should be cited; we will discuss proper citation in class prior to the first
essay due date. You may certainly discuss any of the essays with me and your fellow
classmates prior to the due date, but the writing must be entirely your own work.
Participation and Attendance (25%) Your active participation, regular attendance and timely
arrival are expected in this course. You are further expected to demonstrate consistent
engagement with the course. ‘Engagement’ means that for each class session, you should: 1)
complete the readings; 2) come prepared with thoughts and questions; 3) contribute to our
group discussion. In other words, mere attendance is not sufficient to earn a high mark for
participation. I reserve the right to assign brief (one-page) response papers and issue “pop
quizzes” on readings throughout the semester and to count these towards the participation
grade. I will also consider (but do not guarantee) awarding an additional 1 to 4 points onto the
overall grade of students who regularly come to class promptly, prepared, and are engaged.
Attendance is required and an attendance sheet will be circulated at the beginning of each
class. Your grade will be reduced for each class meeting you miss over two, with exceptions
made for documented emergencies.
Grading Scale: A (93-100), A- (90-92), B+ (87-89), B (83-86), B- (80-82), C+ (77-79), C (7376), C- (70-72), D (69- 60), F (below 60)
There is no make-up work nor extra credit for this class.
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Electronic Devices
I ask that you please put away all electronic devices (phones, laptops, tablets, et cetera) while in
the classroom. Put them in a bag or pocket and silence them; keep them off your lap/seat and
out of your hands. E-devices disrupt the teaching-learning environment. Technological
distractions threaten meaningful social engagement in our classroom community. They also
diminish our capacity to learn and retain information. A sizable body of research supports this!
For example:
Pam A. Mueller & Daniel M. Oppenheimer, The Pen Is Mightier Than the Keyboard: Advantages
of Longhand Over Laptop Note Taking. Psychological Science 2014 Vol.25(6): 1159-1168.
Abstract: “Taking notes on laptops rather than in longhand is increasingly common. Many
researchers have suggested that laptop note taking is less effective than longhand note taking
for learning. Prior studies have primarily focused on students’ capacity for multitasking and
distraction when using laptops. The present research suggests that even when laptops are used
solely to take notes, they may still be impairing learning because their use results in shallower
processing. In three studies, we found that students who took notes on laptops performed worse
on conceptual questions than students who took notes longhand. We show that whereas taking
more notes can be beneficial, laptop note takers’ tendency to transcribe lectures verbatim rather
than processing information and reframing it in their own words is detrimental to learning.”
Course Schedule
This is a preliminary schedule; updates will be announced and posted to Blackboard. All
readings besides those from the two assigned books will be posted to Blackboard.
Thursday 7th September: Course Introduction
No assigned readings
Tuesday 12th September: Evolution, Ecology, and Disease
Strassman, Beverly I. and Robin I.M. Dunbar. 1999. “Human Evolution and Disease: Putting the
Stone Age in Perspective.” In Evolution in Health and Disease, edited by Stephen c. Stearns,
Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 91-101.
Eaton, S.B. et al. 1998. “Stone-agers in the Fast Lane.” In Peter Brown (Ed.) Understanding and
Applying Medical Anthropology. Mountainview CA: Mayfield. pp. 21-30.
Thursday 14th September: Biomedicine as A Cultural System
Kleinman, Arthur. 1995. “What is Specific to Biomedicine?” Writing at the Margin: Discourse
between Anthropology and Medicine. Berkeley: University of California Press, pp. 21-40.
Lorna Rhodes, “Studying Biomedicine as a Cultural System” In Medical Anthropology:
Contemporary Theory and Method. Thomas Johnson, and Carolyn Sargent, eds. New York:
Praeger, pp. 159-73.
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Tuesday 19th September: “Ethno-Medicine”
Foster, George. 1976. “Disease Etiologies in Non-Western Medical Systems.” In Understanding
and Applying Medical Anthropology, edited by Peter J. Brown, Mayfield Publishing
Company, p. 103-110.
Lehman, Arthur C. 2010. “Eyes of Nganas: Ethnomedicine and Power in Central African
Republic.” In Magic, Witchcraft, and Religion: A Reader in the Anthropology of Religion,
edited by Pamela A. Moro and James E. Meyes, McGraw Hill Publishing Company, p. 240248.
Miner, Horace. 1956. “Body Ritual among the Nacirema.” American Anthropologist Volume 58,
Issue 3: 503-507
Thursday 21st September: “Culture-Bound Syndromes” Short Essay Response 1 Due
Hahn, Robert A. 1985. “Culture-Bound Syndromes Unbound.” Social Science & Medicine 21:
165-71.
Johnson, Thomas M. 1987. “Premenstrual Syndrome as a Western Culture-Specific Disorder.”
In Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry 11: 337-56.
Tuesday 26th September: Chinese “Traditional” Medicine
Eisenberg, David. 1995. “Third Encounter: The Qi Gong Masters.” In Encounters with Qi:
Exploring Chinese Medicine. New York: Norton & Co.
Traditional Chinese medicine origins/ Mao invented it but didn’t believe in it. Slate 21 October
2013
Thursday 28th September: Culturally Competent Care
Benson, P. and Arthur Kleinman. (2006). “Anthropology in the Clinic: The Problem of Cultural
Competency and How to Fix It.” In Understanding and Applying Medical Anthropology,
edited by Peter J. Brown, Mayfield Publishing Company, p. 290-296.
Forde, Olav Helge. 1998. “Is Imposing Risk Awareness Cultural Imperialism?” Social Science &
Medicine 47: 1155-1158.
OPTIONAL: Ito, Karen L. 1999. “Health Culture and the Clinical Encounter: Vietnamese
Refugees’ Responses to Preventative Drug Treatment of Inactive Tuberculosis”. Medical
Anthropology Quarterly 13(3): 338-364.
Tuesday 3rd October
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The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down Preface and Chapters 1-6
Thursday 5th October
The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down Chapters 7-11
In class Film: The Split Horn: The Life of a Hmong Shaman in America (2001), watch first half.
Tuesday 10th October
The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down Chapters 12-15
In class Film: The Split Horn: The Life of a Hmong Shaman in America (2001), watch second
half.
Thursday 12th October
The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down Chapters 16-End
Tuesday 17th October: Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Micozzi, Marc S. 2002. “Culture, Anthropology, and the Return of “Complementary Medicine.”
Medical Anthropology Quarterly 398-414.
Brown, Patricia Leigh. 2009. “A Doctor for Disease, A Shaman for the Soul.” New York Times
20 September.
“Alongside a Doctor’s Care, a Dose of Traditional Healing” (NY Times, August 19 2015)
Thursday 19th October: Mental Health
Kleinman, Arthur. (2009). “Do Psychiatric Disorders Differ in Different Cultures?” In
Understanding and Applying Medical Anthropology, edited by Peter J. Brown, Mayfield
Publishing Company, p. 223-234.
Watters, Ethan. 2010. “The Americanization of Mental Illness.” New York Times. 10 January.
Tuesday 24th October: Mental Health (Part II) Book Essay 1 Due
Singh, Ilana. 2004. “Doing their jobs: Mothering with Ritalin in a culture of mother-blame.” Social
Science & Medicine 59: 1193-1205.
Goldstone, Brian. (2017). “A Prayer’s Chance: The Scandal of Mental Health in West Africa.”
Harper’s Magazine, May 2017 issue.
Thursday 26th October: Medicalization
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Kaw, Egenia. 1993. “Medicalization of Racial Features: Asian American Women and Cosmetic
Surgery.” Medical Anthropology Quarterly 7(1): 74-89
Potts, A., et al. 2004.”Viagra stories”: challenging ‘erectile dysfunction’. Social Science &
Medicine 59(3): 489-499.
Look through the website of Intact America: http://www.intactamerica.org/
Tuesday 31st October: Perceptions of Weight and Wellness
Readings TBA
Thursday 2nd November: Drug Use and Addiction
Readings TBA
Tuesday 7th November: Critical Medical Anthropology Short Essay Response 2 Due
Farmer, Paul. 1998. “Social Inequalities and Emerging Infectious Diseases.” In Peter Brown
(Ed.) Understanding and Applying Medical Anthropology. Mountainview CA: Mayfield.
Singer, Merrill, Freddie Valentin, Hans Baer, and Zhongke Jia. (1992). “Why Does Juan Have
Drinking Problem? The Perspective of Critical Medical Anthropology.” In Understanding and
Applying Medical Anthropology, edited by Peter J. Brown, Mayfield Publishing Company, p.
307-323.
Thursday 9th November: Syndemics
Singer, M. and Clair S. 2003. “Syndemics and public health: reconceptualizing disease in biosocial context. Medical Anthropology Quarterly 17(4): 423-41.
“Health Problems Take Root in a West Baltimore Neighborhood That Is Sick of Neglect” (NY
Times April 29, 2015)
“Mass Imprisonment and Public Health” (NY Times November 26, 2014)
Tuesday 14th November
Fresh Fruit, Broken Bodies Forward, Acknowledgements, and Chapters 1 & 2
Thursday 16th November
Fresh Fruit, Broken Bodies Chapters 3 & 4
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Tuesday 21st November
Fresh Fruit, Broken Bodies Chapters 5 & 6
(Thursday 23rd November: Thanksgiving—no class)
Tuesday 28th November
Fresh Fruit, Broken Bodies Chapter 7 and Appendix
In class Film: Sound and Fury (2000), first half.
Thursday 30th November: Disease Communities and Activism Book Essay 2 Due
Deborah Gould. 2009. “The Pleasures and Intensities of Activism; or, Making a Place for
Yourself in the Universe.” In Moving Politics: Emotion and ACT UP’s Fight against AIDS. Pages
181-212
In class Film: Sound and Fury (2000) second half.
Tuesday 5th December: Clinical Trials
Kaushik Sunder Rajan: “Experimental values: Indian clinical trials and surplus health” In Byron
Good et al., 2010. A Reader in Medical Anthropology: Theoretical Trajectories, Emergent
Realities. Chichester: J Wiley: 377-388.
Kimmelman, Jonathan. 2007. “Clinical Trials and SCID Row: The Ethics of Phase 1 Trials in the
Developing World.” Developing World Bioethics 7(3).
Susser, Ida. 2015. “Blame research design for failed HIV study”. Aljazeera America, March 5th.
Thursday: 7th December: Religion and Global Health
Roberts, Elizabeth. 2006. “God’s laboratory: Religious rationalities and modernity in Ecuadorian
in vitro fertilization.” Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry 30(4): 507-536.
Tocco, Jack Ume. 2017. ‘The Islamification of antiretroviral therapy: Reconciling HIV treatment
and religion in northern Nigeria.’ Social Science & Medicine October 2017 190(C): 75-82.
Tuesday 12th December: Death
Palgi, P. and H. Abramovitch. 1984. “Death: A Cross-Cultural Perspective.” Annual Review of
Anthropology 13: 385-417.
Thursday 14th December: Review of Course Short Essay Response 3 Due
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No new readings
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