Solved by verified expert:Complete the counselor dispositions worksheet and the Makss pdf.
While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment,
solid academic writing is expected, and documentation of sources
should be presented using APA formatting guidelines.
counselor_dispositional_expectations.docx
counselor_disposition_worksheet.docx
the_makss_instrument.pdf
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Counselor Dispositional Expectations
Dispositions are the values, commitments, and professional ethics that influence behaviors
toward others, and, if sincerely held, dispositions lead to actions and patterns of professional
conduct. This Program’s dispositions adhere to the University’s mission statement, as well as to
the established counseling profession codes of ethics.
This Program has adopted the following dispositions for its students derived from the American
Counseling Association (ACA) Code of Ethics. Although these dispositions are not all inclusive,
they do represent values and qualities that are warranted by counseling students. Students who
fail to adhere to or demonstrate such dispositions may be subject to disciplinary actions.
•
Psychological Fitness: Counselors* are aware and assess their motives for pursuing the
counseling profession. They are aware of their unfinished emotional and/or mental health
issues, and resolve them before starting to provide counseling services to others. Counselors
engage in self-care and seek resolutions to issues that arise during their practice. Counselors
adhere to the American Counseling Association (ACA) Code of Ethics and/or the NAADAC,
the Association for Addiction Professionals Code of Ethics.
•
Self-Awareness: Counselors are aware of their personal moral, ethical, and value systems
and provide counseling services with objectivity, justice, fidelity, veracity, and benevolence.
Counselors are acutely aware of their personal limitations in providing services, and are
willing to refer clients to another provider when necessary.
•
Cultural Diversity: Counselors respect, engage, honor, and embrace diversity and a
multicultural approach that supports the worth, dignity, potential, and uniqueness of people
within their social and cultural context. Counselors promote self-advocacy and assist clients
in advocating for empowerment within their cultural context.
•
Acceptance: Counselors foster a healthy climate of change by providing and promoting
acceptance, and a nonjudgmental environment during the therapeutic process. They
understand their personal value system and do not impose their values, attitudes, beliefs, and
behaviors on their clients.
•
Empathy: Counselors foster understanding, compassion, and avoid any actions that can
cause harm to a client. Counselors treat others with dignity and respect.
•
Genuineness: Counselors deal truthfully with themselves and their clients, in order to avoid
harming their clients.
•
Flexibility: Counselors practice a client-centered approach, and align treatment to the
client’s goals for therapy.
•
Patience: Counselors understand the therapeutic process and respect client’s efforts to gain
control over their lives. Counselors encourage an environment that promotes selfempowerment and allows client’s voice in the therapeutic process.
•
Amiability: Counselors do not support or engage in any act of discrimination against a
prospective, current, or former client. Counselors promote and practice social justice and do
not exploit others in their professional relationships.
•
Professional Identity: Counselors adhere to regulatory state boards and nationally
recognized codes of ethics. Counselors practice only within their scope and competencies.
They seek to utilize best practices and empirically supported treatments. Counselors stay
current with the counseling profession through seeking continuing education, and by
supporting counseling associations.
* The term counselor is used to refer to counselors in training at the graduate level.
American Counseling Association (2014). ACA Code of Ethics. Alexandria, VA: Author.
Walz, G. R., & Bleuer, J. C. (2010). Counselor dispositions: An added dimension for admission
decisions. Vistas Online publication, 1, 11-11.
Topic 1: Counselor Disposition Worksheet
Directions: Review the counselor disposition document located in the weekly materials. After reviewing the dispositions, complete
the table below and total your ranking score at the bottom of the table.
Part A: Use only a sentence (or two) to discuss each of the following. APA formatting is not required.
Counselor
Disposition
Psychological Fitness
Self-Awareness
Cultural Diversity
Acceptance
Empathy
Genuineness
Flexibility
Patience
Amiability
Ranking:
1-10 (10
being the
strongest)
How
strong are
you in this
area?
How is the
disposition
demonstrated in
your behaviors or
thoughts? Provide
an example.
How do you know
it is an area for
growth and how
you can become
stronger in this
area?
What areas have you
made progress on
since being in the
program? How will
you continue to make
progress?
Why is this
disposition important
in the process of
assessment,
diagnosis, and
treatment?
Counselor
Disposition
Ranking:
1-10 (10
being the
strongest)
How
strong are
you in this
area?
How is the
disposition
demonstrated in
your behaviors or
thoughts? Provide
an example.
How do you know
it is an area for
growth and how
you can become
stronger in this
area?
What areas have you
made progress on
since being in the
program? How will
you continue to make
progress?
Why is this
disposition important
in the process of
assessment,
diagnosis, and
treatment?
Professional Identity
Total Score
[Enter your score here]
Part B: Click here and pull up the Multicultural Awareness, Knowledge, and Skills Survey (MAKSS). Complete the MAKSS survey
and write a brief one paragraph summary (75 to 150 words) of what you learned about yourself from taking the survey.
MAKSS Survey Reflection:
The Multicultural Awareness, Knowledge, and Skills Survey (MAKSS)*
The Multicultural Awareness, Knowledge, and Skills Survey (MAKSS) is a 60-item survey designed by Michael
D’Andrea, Judy Daniels, and Ronald Heck, all from the University of Hawaii. Respond to all 60 items on the
scale, even if you are not working with clients or actively conducting groups. Base your response on what you
think at this time. Try to assess yourself as honestly as possible rather than answering in the way you think would
be desirable.
The MAKSS is designed as a self-assessment of your multicultural counseling awareness, knowledge, and skills.
1.
Culture is not external but is within the person.
Strongly disagree
Disagree
Agree Strongly agree
2.
One of the potential negative consequences about gaining information concerning specific cultures is that
students might stereotype members of those cultural groups according to the information they have gained.
Strongly disagree
Disagree
Agree Strongly agree
3.
At this time in your life, how would you rate yourself in terms of understanding how your cultural
background has influenced the way you think and act?
Very limited
Limited
Good
Very good
4.
At this point in your life, how would you rate your understanding of the impact of the way you think and
act when interacting with persons of different cultural backgrounds?
Very limited
Limited
Good
Very good
5.
How would you react to the following statement? While counseling enshrines the concepts of freedom,
rational thought, tolerance of new ideas, and equality, it has frequently become a form of oppression to subjugate
large groups of people.
Strongly disagree
Disagree
Agree Strongly agree
6.
In general, how would you rate your level of awareness regarding different cultural institutions and
systems?
Very limited
Limited
Good
Very good
7.
The human service professions, especially counseling and clinical psychology, have failed to meet the
mental health needs of ethnic minorities.
Strongly disagree
Disagree
Agree Strongly agree
1
8.
At the present time, how would you generally rate yourself in terms of being able to accurately compare
your own cultural perspective with that of a person from another culture?
Very limited
Limited
Good
Very good
9.
How well do you think you could distinguish “intentional” from “accidental” communication signals in a
multicultural counseling situation?
Very limited
Limited
Good
Very good
10.
Ambiguity and stress often result from multicultural situations because people are not sure what to expect
from each other.
Strongly disagree
Disagree
Agree Strongly agree
11.
The effectiveness and legitimacy of the counseling profession would be enhanced if counselors
consciously supported universal definitions of normality.
Strongly disagree
Disagree
Agree Strongly agree
12.
The criteria of self-awareness, self-fulfillment, and self-discovery are important measures in most
counseling sessions.
Strongly disagree
Disagree
Agree Strongly agree
13.
Even in multicultural counseling situations, basic implicit concepts, such as “fairness” and “health,” are
not difficult to understand.
Strongly disagree
Disagree
Agree Strongly agree
14.
Promoting a client’s sense of psychological independence is usually a safe goal to strive for in most
counseling situations.
Strongly disagree
Disagree
Agree Strongly agree
15.
While a person’s natural support system (i.e., family, friends, etc.) plays an important role during a period
of personal crisis, formal counseling services tend to result in more constructive outcomes.
Strongly disagree
Disagree
Agree Strongly agree
16.
How would you react to the following statement? In general, counseling services should be directed
toward assisting clients to adjust to stressful environmental situations.
Strongly disagree
Disagree
Agree Strongly agree
17.
Counselors need to change not just the content of what they think, but also the way they handle this
content if they are to accurately account for the complexity in human behavior.
Strongly disagree
Disagree
Agree Strongly agree
2
18.
Psychological problems vary with the culture of the client.
Strongly disagree
Disagree
Agree Strongly agree
19.
How would you rate your understanding of the concept of “relativity” in terms of the goals, objectives,
and methods of counseling culturally different clients?
Very limited
Limited
Good
Very good
20.
There are some basic counseling skills that are applicable to create successful outcomes regardless of the
client’s cultural background.
Strongly disagree
Disagree
Agree Strongly agree
At the present time, how would you rate your own understanding of the following terms:
21.
Culture
Very limited
22.
Limited
Good
Very good
Limited
Good
Very good
Limited
Good
Very good
Limited
Good
Very good
Limited
Good
Very good
Limited
Good
Very good
Ethnocentrism
Very limited
28.
Very good
Multicultural Counseling
Very limited
27.
Good
Prejudice
Very limited
26.
Limited
Mainstreaming
Very limited
25.
Very good
Racism
Very limited
24.
Good
Ethnicity
Very limited
23.
Limited
Pluralism
Very limited
3
29.
Contact Hypothesis
Very limited
30.
Limited
Good
Very good
Limited
Good
Very good
Limited
Good
Very good
Cultural Encapsulation
Very limited
33.
Very good
Transcultural
Very limited
32.
Good
Attribution
Very limited
31.
Limited
What do you think of the following statements? Witch doctors and psychiatrists use similar techniques.
Strongly disagree
Disagree
Agree Strongly agree
34.
Differential treatment in the provision of mental health services is not necessarily thought to be
discriminatory.
Strongly disagree
Disagree
Agree Strongly agree
35.
In the early grades of formal schooling in the United States, the academic achievement of such ethnic
minorities as African Americans, Hispanics, and Native Americans is close to parity with the achievement of
White mainstream students.
Strongly disagree
Disagree
Agree Strongly agree
36.
Research indicates that in the early elementary school grades girls and boys achieve about equally in
mathematics and science.
Strongly disagree
Disagree
Agree Strongly agree
37.
Most of the immigrant and ethnic groups in Europe, Australia, and Canada face problems similar to those
experienced by ethnic groups in the United States.
Strongly disagree
Disagree
Agree Strongly agree
38.
In counseling, clients from different ethnic/cultural backgrounds should be given the same treatment that
White mainstream clients receive.
Strongly disagree
Disagree
Agree Strongly agree
4
39.
The difficulty with the concept of “integration” is its implicit bias in favor of the dominant culture.
Strongly disagree
40.
Disagree
Agree Strongly agree
Racial and ethnic persons are underrepresented in clinical and counseling psychology.
Strongly disagree
Disagree
Agree Strongly agree
41.
How would you rate your ability to conduct an effective counseling interview with a person from a
cultural background significantly different from your own?
Very limited
Limited
Good
Very good
42.
How would you rate your ability to effectively assess the mental health needs of a person from a cultural
background significantly different from your own?
Very limited
43.
Limited
Good
Very good
How well would you rate your ability to distinguish “formal” and “informal” counseling strategies?
Very limited
Limited
Good
Very good
44.
In general, how would you rate yourself in terms of being able to effectively deal with biases,
discrimination, and prejudices directed at you by a client in a counseling setting?
Very limited
Limited
Good
Very good
45.
How well would you rate your ability to accurately identify culturally biased assumptions as they relate to
your professional training?
Very limited
Limited
Good
Very good
46.
How well would you rate your ability to discuss the role of “method” and “context” as they relate to the
process of counseling?
Very limited
Limited
Good
Very good
47.
In general, how would you rate your ability to accurately articulate a client’s problem who comes from a
cultural group significantly different from your own?
Very limited
48.
Limited
Good
Very good
How well would you rate your ability to analyze a culture into its component parts?
Very limited
Limited
Good
Very good
49.
How would you rate your ability to identify the strengths and weaknesses of psychological tests in terms
of their use with persons from different cultural/racial/ethnic backgrounds?
Very limited
Limited
Good
Very good
5
50.
How would you rate your ability to critique multicultural research?
Very limited
Limited
Good
Very good
51.
In general, how would you rate your skill level in terms of being able to provide appropriate counseling
services to culturally different clients?
Very limited
Limited
Good
Very good
52.
How would you rate your ability to effectively consult with another mental health professional concerning
the mental health needs of a client whose cultural background is significantly different from your own?
Very limited
Limited
Good
Very good
53.
How would you rate your ability to effectively secure information and resources to better serve culturally
different clients?
Very limited
54.
Good
Very good
Limited
Good
Very good
Limited
Good
Very good
How well would you rate your ability to accurately assess the mental health needs of gay men?
Very limited
58.
Limited
How well would you rate your ability to accurately assess the mental health needs of older adults?
Very limited
57.
Very good
How would you rate your ability to accurately assess the mental health needs of men?
Very limited
56.
Good
How would you rate your ability to accurately assess the mental health needs of women?
Very limited
55.
Limited
Limited
Good
Very good
How well would you rate your ability to accurately assess the mental health needs of gay women?
Very limited
Limited
Good
Very good
59.
How well would you rate your ability to accurately assess the mental health needs of handicapped
persons?
Very limited
Limited
Good
Very good
60.
How well would you rate your ability to accurately assess the mental health needs of persons who come
from very poor socioeconomic backgrounds?
Very limited
Limited
Good
Very good
6
Scoring Instructions for the Multicultural Awareness Knowledge and Skills Survey (MAKSS)
The MAKSS is designed to measure an individual’s multicultural counseling awareness, knowledge, and skills.
This 60-item survey is divided into three (3) subscales. Items 1 to 20 provide a measure of multicultural
counseling awareness; items 21 to 40 provide a measure of multicultural counseling knowledge; items 41 to 60
provide a measure of multicultural counseling skills.
Subjects who complete the survey are provided with four options in responding to each item. These options are
ranked on a Likert-type scale from 1 to 4. A score of 1 indicates “very limited” or “strongly disagree,” a score of 2
indicates “limited” or “disagree,” a score of 3 is “good” or “agree,” and a score of 4 corresponds to “very good”
or “strongly agree.”
Please note, there are five (5) items in which we have reversed this scoring procedure. That is, on items 11 to 16
and item 38, a score of 4 is given if the subject circled “very limited” or “strongly disagree,” a score of 3 is given
if the subject circled “limited” or “disagree,” a score of 2 is given if the subject circled “good” or “agree,” and a
score of 1 is given if the subject circled “very good” or “strongly agree.” These items should be reverse coded
when entered into a computer to be consistent with the other items in the subscale (e.g., 4 is coded 1 for these
items only).
To calculate the total subscale scores, individual item scores comprising each subscale are summed (items 1 to 20
= awareness; items 21 to 40 = knowledge; items 41 to 60 = skills), and the sum is divided by 20 (the number of
items in each subscale) to generate three mean subscale scores.
You may find a published report of the initial validity and reliability findings and an explanation of statistical
procedures in comparing the pre- and post-test results in experimental/control group studies in D’Andrea, Daniels,
and Heck (1991).
FN *Developed by Michael D’Andrea, Ed.D., Judy Daniels, Ed.D., and Ronald Heck, Ph.D.,
Department of Counselor Education, University of Hawaii, Manoa, 1776 University Ave., WA2-221, Honolulu,
Hawaii 96822; (808) 956-7904. Used by permission.
Questions for Class Discussion
1. How satisfied were you with your results? Was it a surprise or did you expect your results? Please explain.
2. What plans do you have to become more multiculturally skilled as a counseling supervisor?
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