Solved by verified expert:just fix the mistakes that i have and be sure you fix the grammar.just make sure you are not taking stance – you are not inserting opinion either from you or scholars. Do not change the main idea or anything just go through the paper and fix the mistakes besides my instructors feedback.the pdf file shows some of the mistakes. but generally you have to go over all the paper cuz my instructor didnt checked the whole paperin the screen shot you can see what my instructor commented.if there is anything you need more to know tell me.
project_2_.pdf
20171030215202intermediat_draft_project_2.docx
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Aljaberi 1
Ahmed Aljaberi
Anastasia J. Khawaja, MS
ENC 1101
22 October, 2017
Intelligent Robots: Threat to Human Jobs?
It wasn’t until 1760 when machines got involved in the works of humans. From 1760 to
1860, a hundred-year period marked the revolution in industries (Clark, 2). From that time,
people started depending on machines for their convenience. Industrial revolution started a chain
reaction in technological field, scientists started focusing on more sophisticated and innovative
technology. In the words of an English political theorist Sir Robert Filmer “There be daily many
things found out and daily more may be which our fore fathers never knew to be possible”. This
quote by Sir Robert show a whole new side of technology revolution, humans before us wouldn’t
even thought about such technologies that we are using today. The main point in this discussion
is the constant scholarly conversation about technology. Researchers and scholars were
supporting this revolution in technology, Larry Wasserman a statistical researcher in his research
about rise of machines explained this phenomenon “Machine Learning offers a plethora of new
research areas, new applications areas and new colleagues to work with, that’s why it was a good
idea to merge humans and machines on working sites” (1). This all conversation changed when
scientists and computer engineers started focusing on the development of intelligent
technologies. Chief Digital Evangelist, Salesforce said about emerging technology as “Every
business is a digital business now” (Afshar). On one hand, there are positive impacts of this
intelligent technology and on the other, the conversation is shifting towards the job security after
the machines will take over. That’s why, with the passage of time scholarly conversation is
Aljaberi 2
changing now researchers are analyzing the impacts of machines on human jobs. There is a clear
change of conversation from 1760 till now.
To better understand the change of conversation, let’s compare two technologies from
past and present. In past, machines like the cardiac monitor and oxygen cylinder were the only
machines used in operation theater to help doctors. Cardiac monitor was invented in 1977. After
this monitor The PUMA 560 was the first robot used in surgery to put a needle in brain
according to CT Scan, it was 1985 (Bell) but now in 2000s researchers at Intuitive Surgical,Inc
have succeeded in making da Vinci Surgical System to fully assist the doctors in performing
surgery, FDA has cleared this machine. Moris Bishoy a famous futuristic technology researcher
and doctor declared this technology as revolutionary but dangerous for jobs. According to him,
imagine a future where machines will be intelligent enough to perform a surgery with 99%
accuracy, what would happen to the surgeons? (28). The probability of error in machines is
almost 0 whereas in humans there is always a chance of human error. This is reason why humans
should fear for their jobs.
Martin Ford a well-known technologist in his book Rise of the Robots: Technology and
the Threat of a Jobless Future predicted the same thing that other scholars are predicting i.e. a
jobless future. He stated “In 2012, Google, for example, generated a profit of nearly $14 billion
while employing fewer than 38,000 people.9 Contrast that with the automotive industry. At peak
employment in 1979, General Motors alone had nearly 840,000 workers but earned only about
$11 billion 20 percent less than what Google raked in. And, yes, that’s after adjusting for
inflation” (9). It is clear that the use of technology at Google corporation made it possible for
them to generate revenue, that’s why technology will allow companies in future to generate
Aljaberi 3
money with a minor work force. This is the reason why scholars are worried about human jobs in
future.
In the light of above mentioned researches, it can be said that conversation about
intelligent robots is not going towards a positive way. Technology is rising so does the fear of
losing jobs. If we look at the future perspective of conversation, as long as the technology will
interfere in industries, scholars will continue talking about job losing possibilities. That’s why
the scholarly conversation is constant at this moment. Vazqez, a futuristic artist in his visual
article talked about the future of robotics “These visuals present a compilation of predictions and
emotional responses to the role of robots in the future” (7). He predicted a future in 30 years
where some robots will be able to make humans dependent on them, he even predicted that some
robots will demand rights of their own. Furthermore, robots will be acting as farmers, cooks,
doctors, engineers, taxi drivers, from small house jobs to major jobs we will see robots
everywhere (126). This will definitely endanger the jobs of humans, till then the conversation is
going to be the same. There is a strong possibility that this conversation will change when robots
will take over, that would be a new era and only then humans will start to find new ways to take
back control.
Concluding the discussion, scholarly conversation about anything is a never-ending
phenomenon. With the evolution of robots, humans don’t know what is going to happen in
future. This fear of unseen is driving the conversation about robots and jobs in a new direction
every day. The more technology will go into a new direction the more this conversation will
bend in a new way.
Aljaberi 4
Work Cited
Afshar, Vala. Accenture: The Era of the Intelligent Enterprise. 2017. Web. Accessed October 21,
2017. HuffPost. https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/accenture-the-era-of-theintelligent-enterprise_us_5887b422e4b05a82fd5b2fa2.
Bell, Jessica. The First Heart Rate Monitor Invented. 2017. Web. Accessed October 21, 2017.
Livestrong.com. https://www.livestrong.com/article/396827-the- first-heart-rate- monitorinvented/.
Ford, Martin. Rise of the Robots: Technology and the Threat of a Jobless Future. 2015. Print.
Basic Books, New York.
Gregory, Clark. The Secret History of Industrial Revolution. 2001. PDF. Department of
Economics, UCD, CA 95616.
Morris, Bishoy. Robotic Surgery: Applications, Limitations, and Impact. 27 September, 2005.
Web. 1 October, 2017. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1681689/.
Vázquez. Marynel. Future Robots. 2011. PDF. October, 2017. IACD.
Wesserman, Larry. Rise of Machines. 2013. PDF. The Annals of Statistics.
Aljaberi 1
Ahmed Aljaberi
Anastasia J. Khawaja, MS
ENC 1101
22 October, 2017
Intelligent Robots: Threat to Human Jobs?
It wasn’t until 1760 when machines got involved in the works of humans. From 1760 to
1860, a hundred-year period marked the revolution in industries (Clark, 2). From that time,
people started depending on machines for their convenience. Industrial revolution started a chain
reaction in technological field, scientists started focusing on more sophisticated and innovative
technology. In the words of an English political theorist Sir Robert Filmer “There be daily many
things found out and daily more may be which our fore fathers never knew to be possible”. This
quote by Sir Robert show a whole new side of technology revolution, humans before us wouldn’t
even thought about such technologies that we are using today. The main point in this discussion
is the constant scholarly conversation about technology. Researchers and scholars were
supporting this revolution in technology, Larry Wasserman a statistical researcher in his research
about rise of machines explained this phenomenon “Machine Learning offers a plethora of new
research areas, new applications areas and new colleagues to work with, that’s why it was a good
idea to merge humans and machines on working sites” (1). This all conversation changed when
scientists and computer engineers started focusing on the development of intelligent
technologies. Chief Digital Evangelist, Salesforce said about emerging technology as “Every
business is a digital business now” (Afshar). On one hand, there are positive impacts of this
intelligent technology and on the other, the conversation is shifting towards the job security after
the machines will take over. That’s why, with the passage of time scholarly conversation is
Aljaberi 2
changing now researchers are analyzing the impacts of machines on human jobs. There is a clear
change of conversation from 1760 till now.
To better understand the change of conversation, let’s compare two technologies from
past and present. In past, machines like the cardiac monitor and oxygen cylinder were the only
machines used in operation theater to help doctors. Cardiac monitor was invented in 1977. After
this monitor The PUMA 560 was the first robot used in surgery to put a needle in brain
according to CT Scan, it was 1985 (Bell) but now in 2000s researchers at Intuitive Surgical,Inc
have succeeded in making da Vinci Surgical System to fully assist the doctors in performing
surgery, FDA has cleared this machine. Moris Bishoy a famous futuristic technology researcher
and doctor declared this technology as revolutionary but dangerous for jobs. According to him,
imagine a future where machines will be intelligent enough to perform a surgery with 99%
accuracy, what would happen to the surgeons? (28). The probability of error in machines is
almost 0 whereas in humans there is always a chance of human error. This is reason why humans
should fear for their jobs.
Martin Ford a well-known technologist in his book Rise of the Robots: Technology and
the Threat of a Jobless Future predicted the same thing that other scholars are predicting i.e. a
jobless future. He stated “In 2012, Google, for example, generated a profit of nearly $14 billion
while employing fewer than 38,000 people.9 Contrast that with the automotive industry. At peak
employment in 1979, General Motors alone had nearly 840,000 workers but earned only about
$11 billion 20 percent less than what Google raked in. And, yes, that’s after adjusting for
inflation” (9). It is clear that the use of technology at Google corporation made it possible for
them to generate revenue, that’s why technology will allow companies in future to generate
Aljaberi 3
money with a minor work force. This is the reason why scholars are worried about human jobs in
future.
In the light of above mentioned researches, it can be said that conversation about
intelligent robots is not going towards a positive way. Technology is rising so does the fear of
losing jobs. If we look at the future perspective of conversation, as long as the technology will
interfere in industries, scholars will continue talking about job losing possibilities. That’s why
the scholarly conversation is constant at this moment. Vazqez, a futuristic artist in his visual
article talked about the future of robotics “These visuals present a compilation of predictions and
emotional responses to the role of robots in the future” (7). He predicted a future in 30 years
where some robots will be able to make humans dependent on them, he even predicted that some
robots will demand rights of their own. Furthermore, robots will be acting as farmers, cooks,
doctors, engineers, taxi drivers, from small house jobs to major jobs we will see robots
everywhere (126). This will definitely endanger the jobs of humans, till then the conversation is
going to be the same. There is a strong possibility that this conversation will change when robots
will take over, that would be a new era and only then humans will start to find new ways to take
back control.
Concluding the discussion, scholarly conversation about anything is a never-ending
phenomenon. With the evolution of robots, humans don’t know what is going to happen in
future. This fear of unseen is driving the conversation about robots and jobs in a new direction
every day. The more technology will go into a new direction the more this conversation will
bend in a new way.
Aljaberi 4
Work Cited
Afshar, Vala. Accenture: The Era of the Intelligent Enterprise. 2017. Web. Accessed October 21,
2017. HuffPost. https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/accenture-the-era-of-theintelligent-enterprise_us_5887b422e4b05a82fd5b2fa2.
Bell, Jessica. The First Heart Rate Monitor Invented. 2017. Web. Accessed October 21, 2017.
Livestrong.com. https://www.livestrong.com/article/396827-the-first-heart-rate-monitorinvented/.
Ford, Martin. Rise of the Robots: Technology and the Threat of a Jobless Future. 2015. Print.
Basic Books, New York.
Gregory, Clark. The Secret History of Industrial Revolution. 2001. PDF. Department of
Economics, UCD, CA 95616.
Morris, Bishoy. Robotic Surgery: Applications, Limitations, and Impact. 27 September, 2005.
Web. 1 October, 2017. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1681689/.
Vázquez. Marynel. Future Robots. 2011. PDF. October, 2017. IACD.
Wesserman, Larry. Rise of Machines. 2013. PDF. The Annals of Statistics.
…
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