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Ch. 4 – COMM 3310 Women, Men & Communication
Men’s efforts to define manhood
Men’s activism
Alliances or connection to Feminism
Progressive men or male feminists—
Profeminist Men’s Groups
▪ Worked to bring attitudes & behavior in line with gender equality or w/spouse
▪ Joined forces w/women to work for women’s rights.
▪ Profeminists’ close relationship with liberal feminism:
1.
2.
One related to women
Other related to men
A member of a group criticizes attitudes or actions that are common and accepted
among members of that group
Ex. Criticizing a sexist joke, rebutting bad male behavior—view as a “traitor”
o Encourage or persuade other men to alter discriminatory attitudes & practices
o Endorsing liberal belief that men and women are alike in most ways—looking beyond
society’s view of masculinity
o Encourage men to be more sensitive, caring and open with other men.
o Aaronette White (feminist) said:
…men’s feminism enriches parenting, friendships & self-identity.
National Organization of Men Against Sexism (NOMAS)
Brings awareness of how men’s emotional development has been hindered by
masculinity
FOUR ISSUES:
1.
Recognizing and resisting the power and privilege that accompanies being men
2.
Ending violence against women by analyzing the relationship between cultural
codes of masculinity and that of violence against women
3.
Working to end men’s homophobic attitudes and resulting cruel behavior
4.
Develop men’s studies at colleges & universities
White Ribbon Campaign:
Developed my group of Canadian men who felt a need to respond to appalling
incidences of violence against women (100,000 Men Wore White Ribbons)
MONTREAL MASSACRE : Slaughtering of 14 women in engineering by man who felt
the discipline was not place for women
Mentors in Violence Prevention:
Seeks to educate men about the socialization that links masculinity to violence and
aggression, and to motivate men to reject violence in themselves and other men
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JeXLg7uOH9U
These men’s groups embrace cultural ideology, which holds that women and men are
fundamentally different, & therefore should have different roles
Masculinist:
Promasculine men who assert that men suffer from discrimination & that men need to
reclaim their rightful status
Masculinists:
• Differ from profeminist men in attitudes toward gay men— denounce/ignore gay men;
Profeminists:
• Support gay concerns, challenge homophobic attitudes and eliminate discrimination
Men’s Rights Activists:
Goal of these men is to restore the traditional roles of men and women, and as such, the
privileges men historically enjoyed
MR, Inc.: Men’s Rights Incorporated
NOM: National Coalition for Free Men
Men’s rights groups think it is more important to address discrimination against men than
discrimination against women—believe men are oppressed
Examples:
military draft, shorter life spans, more health problems & child custody favoring women
Free Men: a small, more extreme men’s right group that aims to restore men’s pride
in being “real men” who are tough, rugged, invulnerable & self-reliant
o Regard male feminists at “soft & unmanly” referring to them as “the men’s auxiliary to
the women’s movement
o According to them, the primary burden of masculinity is the provider role, which
makes men little more than meal tickets whose worth is measured by the size of their
paychecks & professional titles
o Free men want men to regain their rightful places as heads of families & unquestioned
authorities; Believe status should not be tied to the breadwinner role
Groups advocating for father’s to have 50% custody of their children after divorce; claim
courts discriminate against men by assuming women should be primary parent
Fathers 4 Justice
Only group fight for father’s rights
Performs dramatic stunts that attract publicity advocacy for fathers
Founded by poet & peace activist Robert Bly (1980s early 90s):
o Aimed to foster men’s personal growth, wholeness and bonding in all-male gatherings
o Claimed that ideal manhood existed in ancient times & in Middle Ages where men were
self-confident, strong, emotionally alive and sensitive like, Walt Whitman, Henry David
Thoreau & Johnny Appleseed
o Thought men’s formerly profound connections to the earth and to comradeship with other
men were ripped from them during modernization & Industrial Revolution
o Laid blame of men’s emotional deficits on feminism
o Although they believe men have been separated from their feelings, are in contrast to
profeminist men not much energy in male feminists who castrate American males
o Mythopoetics urge men to recover distinctly male mode of feeling which is different from
female feelings endorsed by profeminist men
o Charged with unwillingness to confront gender equality
A grief born of yearning to be close both to actual fathers and other men, and to build
deep, spiritual bonds between men
Robert Bly urged men t get in touch with their grief and begin to rediscover their deep
masculine feelings & spiritual energies
Gathering of Christian Men encouraging them to be good husbands, fathers, and
members of the community; Pray & commit themselves to a “Christ-centered life”
Follow (7) promises (see. P. 94)
First occurred in 1991 drawing 4200 men
In 1993, event fill 50,000 seat stadium
In, 1994
***Critics of Promise Keepers found them elitist, White upper middle class
men***
Organized by Islamic leader, Minister Louis Farrakhan & Rev. Benjamin Chavis, Jr in Fall of
1995
Goals was for Black men to fill the mall of the nation’s capital and reconcile with one
another, and pledge themselves to spiritual transformation & political action
Organizers called for Black men to register to vote, fight drugs in the lives & communities
***Critics viewed this even to encourage rage of racial identity &
victimization***
Multifaceted effort to stimulate a national conversation about what it means to be a
good man
A book w/collection of stories by same title featured examples of “good men”
Good Men Foundation & online magazine has followers of diverse ages, ethinicities,
races, religions, sexual orientation, etc.
***One-third of readers are women***
COMM 3310 Women, Men & Communication
MEN’S MOVEMENT PAPERS
Hard Copy Due: MONDAY , NOVEMBER 6th , Start of Class!!
Please read through Chapter 4 regarding Images of Men, Men’s Activism and the Men’s
Movement in addition to our class discussion and notes.
For this paper, consider current gender related events, incidents, stories or issues that involve
1)manhood, 2)men’s activism, and 3)the relationship of men to equality of both genders– or
even pop culture topics that highlight issues of male disadvantage. After brainstorming,
choose one of these focus areas, that interests you, or one in which you can relate within this
realm.
After you have your focus area, think about how one of the organizations, campaigns,
or movements discussed in Chapter 4 reflects one of those three areas. Then, think about how
a current issue reflects the focus area and concept from this chapter to write about in your
paper.
EXAMPLE: Discussion of how the emergence of single fathers today is grounded in
activism within Fathers 4 Justice.
Guidelines:
Be specific. Use support. Clearly make the connection to focus & chapter concept.
At least 4-5 full content pages
Use APA style – Include all Elements noted in Guide on Blackboard
At least (4) Verifiable Sources (No Wikipedia) (Books, Journal/Periodical Articles)
See Google Scholar
150pts.
…
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